Introduction of the SENSOR

A sensor is a device that detects and responds to physical stimuli (such as light, sound, temperature, motion or pressure) and converts them into electrical signals, which can then be processed and analyzed to gather information about the environment or perform a specific task function. Sensors are used in a wide variety of applications including smartphones, automobiles, security systems, industrial automation and scientific research.

A. Sensor Classification:

1. Classified by working principle:

Resistive sensors, capacitive sensors, inductive sensors, piezoelectric sensors, pyroelectric sensors, impedance sensors, magnetic sensors, photoelectric sensors, resonant sensors, ultrasonic sensors, isotope sensors, electrochemical sensors, microwave sensors, etc.

2.Classified by technology:

Ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, gas sensor, pressure sensor, acceleration sensor, ultraviolet sensor, magnetic sensor, magnetoresistive sensor, image sensor, power sensor, displacement sensor, etc.

3.Classified by application:

Pressure sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pH sensor, flow sensor, liquid level sensor, ultrasonic sensor, water immersion sensor, illumination sensor, differential pressure transmitter, acceleration sensor, displacement sensor, load cell, distance sensor, etc.

B. Characteristics of the sensor

1. Dynamic:

The dynamic response characteristics generally cannot directly give its differential equation, but some characteristic values on the sensor and step response curve and the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve are given through experiments to represent the dynamic response characteristics of the instrument.

2. Static:

The main indicators of the static characteristics of the sensor are linearity, hysteresis, repeatability, sensitivity and sensitivity error, resolution and threshold, stability, temperature stability, various anti-interference capabilities, and static error.

Commonly used fitting methods: theoretical fitting, zero-crossing rotation fitting, end point fitting, end translation fitting, least squares method fitting.